Modeling local water storages delivering customer demands in WDN models
Research Area: | Hydro | Year: | 2014 |
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Type of Publication: | Article | Keywords: | Customer demands; Global gradient algorithms; Hydraulic networks; Tank models; Water distribution networks, Computer simulation; Hydraulic equipment; Tanks |
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Journal: | Journal of Hydraulic Engineering | Volume: | 140 |
Number: | 1 | Pages: | 89-104 |
ISSN: | 0733-9429 | ||
Note: | cited By 3 |
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Abstract: | Water distribution network (WDN) models account for customer-demands as water withdrawals concentrated in nodes. Customerdemands can be assumed to be constant or varying with nodal head/pressure entailing demand-driven or pressure-driven simulation, respectively. In both cases, the direct connection of customer properties to the hydraulic system is implicitly assumed. Nonetheless, in many technical situations, the service pipe fills a local private storage (e.g., a roof tank or a basement tank) from which the water is actually delivered to customers by gravity or pumping systems. In such contexts, the service pipe fills the local tank by means of a top orifice. Consequently, what is really connected to the hydraulic system is a tank, which is subject to a filling/emptying process while supplying water to customers. Therefore, since modeling this technical situation in WDN analyses is necessary, the paper develops a formulation for nodal water withdrawals in WDN models accounting for the filling/emptying process of inline tanks between the hydraulic network and customers. The formulation is also introduced in a widely used method for steady-state WDN modeling, the global gradient algorithm, and its effectiveness to increase the hydraulic accuracy of results is discussed using a simple case study and a small network. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. |
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